OtoCo · Series LLC guide
Series LLCs.
One umbrella, separate cells.
A Series LLC can create separate protected series under one master LLC. OtoCo uses that structure to make Instant LLC formation fast and inexpensive, while also offering Standalone, Wyoming (D)UNA, and Swiss Association paths when another structure fits better.
What is a Series LLC?
A Series LLC is an LLC structure that can create separate protected series under a master LLC. Each series can have its own name, assets, members, and liabilities if the structure is maintained correctly under state law. On OtoCo, Instant entities are protected series under OtoCo's Delaware or Wyoming Master LLC, so founders can get a real US company quickly; Standalone is the alternative when you need an independent state-filed LLC. OtoCo makes the choice easier online by showing Instant, Standalone, EIN, banking, tax, and specialist structure options in one formation journey.
Series LLC vs other LLC structures
| Option | Best for | Notable |
|---|---|---|
| OtoCo Instant Series LLC | Foreign founders, crypto projects, AI agents, and experiments that need a US entity online quickly at low starting cost. | Protected series under OtoCo's Master LLC; starts at $99/yr with registered agent coverage included, plus EIN, Mercury application support, and tax add-ons when needed. |
| OtoCo Standalone LLC | Founders whose bank, investor, license, or counterparty expects an independent state-filed LLC and who may want the Company-in-a-Box path. | Separate Delaware or Wyoming filing with a dedicated registered agent, from $299/yr; can pair with EIN, address, Mercury application prep, and tax filing. |
| OtoCo Wyoming (D)UNA or Swiss Association | Communities, protocols, and associations where a standard LLC or Series LLC is not the right governance fit. | Specialist paths that many mass-market formation services do not offer; structure choice should match legal and tax facts. |
| Traditional single LLC | Businesses that need one conventional entity and do not need separate protected series. | Widely understood structure, but each new project may require another entity or internal recordkeeping. |
| Multiple separate LLCs | Owners who want separate state filings for each asset, venture, or operating line. | Clear separation, but more filings, registered agent relationships, annual fees, and tax records. |
Why founders use series
Fast launch
OtoCo Instant series can activate in under 60 seconds because the master structure is already in place.
Lower starting cost
Instant starts at $99/yr, making it a practical first entity for experiments, agents, and early projects.
Liability separation
Series are designed to separate assets and liabilities when records, agreements, and operations stay separate.
Upgrade path
Founders can start with Instant and move to Standalone later if banking, investors, or licensing require it, with OtoCo keeping both paths practical online.
How OtoCo Instant works
Delaware or Wyoming series
Choose the jurisdiction that fits your use case and form under OtoCo's Master LLC structure.
Registered agent included
Registered agent coverage is included for Instant series, with renewals tracked in OtoCo.
Operating agreement template
Receive a series operating agreement template and keep entity records in Dashpanel.
Onchain ownership
Control and manage the entity from your wallet, with documents and plugins in Dashpanel.
Add EIN and banking later
Layer EIN without SSN support, Virtual Mailing Address, and Mercury application support as your business needs mature. Mercury decides approval.
Beyond LLCs when needed
For communities and associations, OtoCo can also support Wyoming (D)UNA and Swiss Association paths that are outside the usual LLC-only menu.
How to decide between Series and Standalone
- 01
Start with your use case
Use Instant for speed, experiments, crypto-native projects, and agent-ready formation.
- 02
Check counterparty expectations
If a bank, investor, marketplace, or regulator requires an independent filing, choose Standalone.
- 03
Keep records separate
For any series structure, preserve separate books, assets, contracts, and member records.
- 04
Upgrade when needed
Move to Standalone if your operational needs outgrow the series structure.
Pros
- Fast and low-cost formation through OtoCo Instant
- Separate series can be used for distinct projects or assets
- Registered agent coverage and Dashpanel management included
Tradeoffs
- –Some banks and counterparties prefer independent Standalone LLCs
- –Series separateness depends on clean records and correct operation
- –State-by-state recognition can be more nuanced than a traditional LLC
How OtoCo can help
OtoCo offers both LLC paths: Instant series for speed and Standalone LLCs for independent state filings, plus specialist Wyoming (D)UNA and Swiss Association options when the structure calls for it.
Is an OtoCo Instant entity a real LLC?
Yes. It is a protected series under OtoCo's Delaware or Wyoming Master LLC, with registered agent coverage and entity documents.
When should I choose Standalone instead?
Choose Standalone when a bank, investor, or regulator wants an independent state-filed LLC with its own dedicated registered agent.
Can non-US founders use a Series LLC?
Yes. Non-US founders can form remotely and add EIN, mailing address, banking, and tax filing services as needed.
Does a Series LLC remove tax obligations?
No. US federal and state obligations still matter. Foreign-owned LLCs may need Form 5472 or other filings depending on facts.
Answers summarized from the OtoCo documentation.
Guides from docs
Deeper reading from OtoCo guides, blog.otoco.io and docs.otoco.io.
Understanding Series LLCs
How OtoCo series entities work under the Master LLC structure.
docsSeries LLC FAQ
Common questions on Instant series formation, ownership, and compliance.
docsSeries LLC vs Standalone
Docs comparison for choosing Instant series or independent Standalone.
guideRegistered agent for non-US founders
How registered agent coverage differs across Instant and Standalone paths.
guideOtoCo vs Stripe Atlas
When an LLC path fits better than a Delaware C-Corp formation flow.
Important disclosure
This guide is general information, not legal or tax advice. Series LLC recognition, liability separation, and tax treatment can depend on state law, contracts, records, and facts. OtoCo is not a law firm or CPA firm.
Questions? Answered.
No. A Series LLC has a master LLC and separate protected series. A regular Standalone LLC is a single independent state-filed company.

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